Aerial term Surface winds

Arabia Weather - Wind is a horizontal movement of air, or a wide flow of air, whether at the surface of the Earth or in the upper layers of the atmosphere, but the name surface wind is given to the horizontal movement of air near the surface of the Earth, where it is at an altitude ranging between 1,000 and 2,000 feet from Earth's surface.

Wind speed is a vector quantity, that is, it is expressed in magnitude and direction, as wind direction is the direction from which the wind blows, (north, east, west, south, northeast, southwest, etc.), and in the absence of wind, it is called the wind. Static.

Wind speed is the distance traveled per unit time.

Speed = distance/time

We measure wind speed in knots

Knot = nautical mile/hour = 1853/(60*60) = 1/2 m/s

Forces affecting air movement:

• Pressure gradient force
• Deflection force (due to Earth's rotation)
• Centrifugal force
• gravitational force
• Friction force

Types of surface winds:

• Permanent (prevailing) winds
• Summer and winter monsoons
• Daily winds
• Local winds