Summer 2025: Record-breaking heat and flash floods. Does this herald an extreme fall and winter?

Arab Weather - Nearly a month into the current summer season, the northern hemisphere is still experiencing rapid weather events, including global heat waves, sudden heavy rains, and floods sweeping across many countries around the world.

Arab Weather experts said that some of the weather events that countries around the world have witnessed since the beginning of the current summer are classified as rare and unusual during the summer, especially the strong and successive heat waves that European countries, especially Western ones, have witnessed and are still witnessing. After a heat dome dominated Western European countries for a long and unusual period during the summer, many Spanish and French cities recorded record temperatures that exceeded 40 degrees Celsius on some days.

This has impacted many aspects of life, perhaps the most significant of which is public health, through a marked increase in cases of heat stress and sunstroke, especially among the elderly. From an environmental perspective, the significant rise in temperature has led to drought and accelerated evaporation of water from rivers and dams, damaging agricultural crops. Meanwhile, the impact of soil drying due to the rise in temperature has been evident through the increase in forest fires that have broken out in some rural and arid areas.

There is no doubt that rising temperatures have had a significant impact on the economy and energy sector, with increased electricity consumption due to reliance on air conditioning units. This has led to temporary power outages in some cities and a direct impact on the tourism sector due to the decline in activity in hot cities.

Unprecedented floods in the United States of America

In stark contrast, this summer has been and continues to be different in terms of the weather phenomena that have affected North America, as many American states are still being flooded daily with rainwater, due to the extreme weather conditions that have hit the country in the past few days and are still ongoing, as the United States of America is located between two weather systems that differ in terms of characteristics. In the north, there are cold air masses that are still rushing from the Arctic and Canada towards America, so that these cold masses collide with the hot and humid air present over the southern states, creating violent cases of atmospheric instability and very heavy rainfall, as happened in the American state of Texas and several American states, including New Jersey and New York City, which recently witnessed heavy rainfall that led to the flooding of large parts of the city.

Mediterranean warming and European floods

Europe wasn't immune to extreme weather this summer. As hot air masses moved away from the region and temperatures dropped, many Western and Central European countries were surprised by cold winds sweeping in from the north, creating sudden atmospheric instability and flooding, as witnessed in several Spanish and French cities.

Jordan: Does the absence of heat waves in the summer herald a harsh winter?

Arab Weather's meteorologists are highlighting the European weather this summer, with an extreme weather phenomenon expected to have a significant impact, causing flooding in several European cities, particularly in the western regions.

This phenomenon is represented by an unprecedented marine heat wave in the Mediterranean, where the sea temperature in some parts rose to more than 30 degrees Celsius. This process increased the flow of water vapor from the south towards Europe, with the presence of hot air masses rushing in from the African desert. This coincided with the rush of cold northerly winds in some periods, which greatly contributed to the formation of strong thunderclouds accompanied by very heavy thunderstorms that led to the flooding of some cities in Spain and many other European cities.

Moscow records highest temperature in 30 years

Moscow, the land of ice and snow, was not immune to this extreme summer. The Russian capital recorded unprecedented temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius for the first time in 30 years, following a historic heat wave that hit the country at the beginning of July.

Do extreme weather events in the summer of 2025 herald an active and unusual autumn?

Arab Weather forecasters are closely monitoring the rapidly evolving weather events in the Northern Hemisphere. Perhaps the most significant of these is the unprecedented rise in Mediterranean Sea temperatures, which is expected to have a significant impact on the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This could lead to the formation of deep depressions and possibly medium and subtropical storms due to the accumulation of moisture in the atmosphere.

The continued development of the La Niña phenomenon in the tropical Pacific Ocean is also being monitored. This climate phenomenon has a significant impact on weather patterns around the world when it develops during the winter, as it is associated with colder, drier winters in some regions, and flooding and high humidity in other regions around the world.

We at Arabia Weather remind you of the importance of following the seasonal bulletins issued monthly by the Arabia Weather Center to keep up with the latest weather developments during the coming months. We emphasize that the rainy season is affected by several weather phenomena, including El Niño and La Niña, ocean temperatures, and the behavior of the North Atlantic Oscillation (AO). These phenomena affect the behavior of the atmosphere during the fall and winter, so forecasts remain constantly changing.