Arab weather - Tropical situations are among the greatest threats to lives and property even in their early stages, and they involve a number of different dangers, and they arise over the tropical oceans and derive their energy from them, including the northern Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. Tropical conditions bring in their tails strong winds, torrential rains, tidal waves and even severely destructive floods in some cases.
Tropical conditions that affect the Arabian Peninsula usually arise in the southeast of the Arabian Sea, and after their formation, they have three different possible paths, the first in the northeast direction, i.e. towards India, the second in the northwest direction towards Pakistan and the Sultanate of Oman, and the last path westward towards Yemen and the Horn of Africa.
Arabia Weather presents an educational series on tropical conditions in the Arabian Sea:
1. There are two seasons for tropical conditions in the Arabian Sea
- The first season is in the months of May and June, and it is called (Pre-monsoon), meaning the season that precedes the activity of the monsoons in the Arabian Sea.
- The second season is in the months of October and November and is called (post-monsoon), meaning the season that follows the activity of the monsoon winds in the Arabian Sea.
- This does not mean that there is no possibility of tropical conditions activity in another period of the year, but the previous two periods are considered the peak of tropical activity in the Arabian Sea.
2. Two reasons for the lack of tropical conditions under the activity of the summer monsoon in the Arabian Sea
- Because it causes cooling in the surface of the waters of the Arabian Sea, through the occurrence of the phenomenon of the upwelling of water. When the monsoon winds blow, cold water is drawn from the depth to replace the warm water on the surface.
- Causes high wind shear (the difference in direction and speed of the wind or both between two levels horizontally or vertically), and these winds remove the moist air rising upwards.
3. Conditions for the formation of orbital states
- The presence of a low atmospheric pressure area that attracts winds and causes strong upward rotational air currents.
- The surface temperature of the sea water is warm and exceeds 27 degrees Celsius, so that the warm water and the resulting water vapor serve as the fuel that powers tropical systems.
- Weak shear winds, because shear winds limit the vertical growth of cumulus, meaning that they hinder the process of increasing the thickness of the clouds.
4. Classification of tropical cases .. the most prominent two classifications:
- Tropical cases are classified according to the surface wind speed around the center (according to the Saffir-Simpson scale) and the classification reaches a tropical storm when the surface wind speed around the center reaches at least 34 knots. 2004, and the classification is considered a tropical cyclone if the surface winds around the center reach at least 64 knots.
- There is another measurement to measure the intensity of the orbital states, using the Dvorak techniques, which depend on satellite images to estimate the intensity of the orbital state.
5. hurricane structure
- Tropical cyclones range in diameter from 200 to 1,000 km.
- It is characterized by the presence of the eye of the hurricane, which is the center of the cyclone's circulation, although it is surrounded by raging storms and strong winds, but it is characterized by a calm atmosphere and still winds. Hurricanes accompanied by a large eye are considered an indicator of the depth of the hurricane and the beginning of its weakness, unlike hurricanes with a small eye, which is an indicator of the depth and development of the hurricane more.
- The circular ring surrounding the eye of the hurricane is called the hurricane wall and it is the most dangerous part of the hurricane structure. Therefore, residents of the area where the eye wall is expected to cross is usually evacuated as a precaution.
- The outer zone of the hurricane: This part extends to the vicinity of the hurricane and leads to the formation of deep and strong thunder cells.
6. Hurricanes are not usually accompanied by lightning or hail
- Hurricanes are not accompanied by lightning because of the activity of horizontal winds in hurricanes more than vertical winds, where lightning and thunder need high vertical shear winds to occur, which is not accompanied by hurricanes.
- Tropical conditions are also not accompanied by hail, due to the accompanying high warm humidity, and the rise of the freezing line to the high layers of the atmosphere.
7. The factors that control the course of tropical conditions, God willing
- The trajectory of the orbital state depends on its vertical depth and the extent of its vertical curvature.
- Atmospheric pattern (distribution of depressions and highlands) and the sum of the winds controlling the atmosphere.
- The interaction of the orbital state with its surroundings (such as the terrain).
- beta effect.
8. Hurricane Gonu..the most powerful hurricane that hit the Arab world in modern history
- Class 5 is the most dangerous and destructive class of hurricanes.
- Cyclone Gonu, which struck the Sultanate of Oman on June 3, 2007, is considered the most powerful hurricane that affected the Arab world in modern history.
9. More than 80 storms and tropical cyclones are formed in the world's seas annually, only 6% of which are in the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Bengal.
10. The region that is to the right of the tropical state path is most affected by the consequences of strong winds and heavy rains.
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