Weather of Arabia - The Fall or Autumnal Equinox is defined as the day in which the length of the night is equal to or equal to the day in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The autumnal equinox occurs in September of each year in the northern hemisphere, and in the month of March in the Southern Hemisphere. But why are night and day equal on the day of the equinox in particular? What causes the autumn equinox?
The earth revolves around the sun at a time when its axis tilts from the horizon by about 23.5 degrees, so that the earth tilts towards the sun during the summer, and tends away from the sun during the winter, in the northern hemisphere.
But it happens twice a year (in March and September) that the tilt of the Earth aligns with its orbit around the sun, so that there is no tilt of the Earth with respect to the sun, and then the sun is perpendicular directly above the equator , and both the northern and southern hemispheres get the same hours of day and night .
The line separating the night and daytime regions, called the "gray line," applies to the Earth's axis and passes through the north and south poles.
The sun rises on the day of the autumnal equinox in all countries of the world from the true east, making an angle of 90 degrees with the horizon, and sets in the true west , at an angle of 270 degrees with the horizon. Then it begins its apparent journey on the horizon to the south in the northern hemisphere during the autumn and winter months, when the northern hemisphere experiences shorter periods of daylight.
While the sun appears on the horizon towards the north after the vernal equinox and during the other half of the year (in the months of spring and summer), then the daylight hours increase in the northern hemisphere, and the opposite occurs in the southern hemisphere.
Although the number of daylight hours is equal to the number of night hours on the equinox, they are not completely equal, as the Earth gets a few minutes more of the day than the night , this is because sunrise occurs when the tip of the sun is above the horizon, and sunset is defined as The moment when the other edge of the sun disappears below the horizon.
Because the sun is a disk and not a point source of light, the Earth sees a few extra minutes of daylight during the equinox. The atmosphere also refracts sunlight and continues to travel to Earth shortly after night begins, even after the sun has set below the horizon.
The length of the day on the equinox is about 12 hours and 6 and a half minutes at the equator, 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, and 12 hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude.
The equinox does not necessarily occur on the exact same day each year, as the autumnal equinox occurs in the northern half between September 22/23, and this year the autumnal equinox will be on Wednesday September 22, 2021 at 11:20 pm Mecca time.
These changing dates are because Earth's year isn't exactly 365 days, an extra quarter of the day (6 hours) accumulates each year, causing the equinox date to shift. The planet's orientation toward the sun also changes constantly, adjusting the timing of the equinox.
Although the day of the autumnal equinox marks the astronomical and official beginning of autumn, the beginning of autumn in meteorology is with the beginning of September (September 1).
People have been tracking the sun's movements for thousands of years, and many ancient civilizations have associated the days of the equinoxes with cultural and religious traditions, where these solar changes not only marked the beginning of the seasons, but also when crops were planted and harvested.
There are also many ancient monuments associated with the equinox, such as the Hindu temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia , where the sun rises on the equinox directly above its central temple. Built between 1113 and 1150, the complex is the largest religious monument in the world.
There is also a Mayan temple in Mexico , which was built between the eighth and twelfth centuries, known as the Temple of El Castillo , dedicated to the serpent deity, where the light appears on the equinox in an optical illusion as if a serpent is descending down the side of the temple, traveling to the underworld.
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